SIREX LITERATURE

This literature list was initially compiled by Dr. Dennis Haugen, but is continually being updated. Some have pdfs linked that can be downloaded. New publications have a DOI link to the original article on the publisher's website.

If you are aware of other papers related to Siricids and their associated fungi, and their control, please let us know (bernard.slippers at fabi.up.ac.za or dhaugen at fs.fed.us).

Ackerman PA, Längin DW & Antonides MC (Editors). 2006. Precision Forestry in plantations, semi-natural and natural forests. Proceedings of the International Precision Forestry Symposium, Stellenbosch. pp. 119-134.

Adams A. S., M. S. Jordan, S. M. Adams, G. Suen, L. A. Goodwin, K. W. Davenport, C. R. Currie, & K. F. Raffa. 2011. Cellulose-degrading bacteria associated with the invasive woodwasp Sirex noctilio. The ISME Journal 5:1323–1331. DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2011.14

Aguilar A. & D. Lanfranco. 1988. Aspectos biológicos y sintomatológicos de Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera-Siricidae): Una revisión. Bosque 9 (2): 87-91.

Akhurst, R. J. 1974. A study of the free-living phase of Deladenus, nematodes parasitic in woodwasps. M.S. thesis, University of Tasmania, Hobart. 124pp.

Akhurst, R. J. 1975. Cross-breeding to facilitate the identification of Deladenus spp., nematode parasites of wood wasps. Nematologica 21:267-272.

Anonymous. 1960. Biological control of Sirex. New Zealand Timber Journal 7(1):76.

Anonymous. 1962. Sirex in Victoria. Australian Forestry 26:1-2.

Anonymous. 1962. Sirex wasp control. Tasmanian Journal of Agriculture 33:163.

Anonymous. 1968. Progress on Sirex wood wasp. Rural Research 64:16-19.

Anonymous. 1973. A setback to Sirex. Rural Research 81:28-32.

Anonymous. 1974. Sirex - A situation report. What's New in Forest Research 13. Forest Research Institute. 4 p.

Anonymous. 1988. Identifying and controlling the sirex wasp in radiata pine plantations. Research & Development No. 6. Lands and Forests Division, Department of Conservation, Forests and Lands, Melbourne, VIC. 7pp.

Anonymous. 1989. Sirex wasp control with nematodes and trap trees. Research & Development No. 14. Lands and Forests Division, Department of Conservation, Forests and Lands, Melbourne, VIC. 4pp.

Aromando P. 2002. Control biológico de la avispa de la madera del pino (Sirex noctilio F.) por medio de la inoculación del nemátodo Deladenus siricidicola B. en la localidad de Junín de los Andes - provincia del Neuquén, Argentina. Tesis Ing. For. Valdivia, Universidad Austral de Chile, Fac. Cs. Forestales. 58 pp.

Ashmead W. H. 1904. Descriptions of four new horn-tails. Canadian Entomology 36:63-64.

Ass M. & G. Funtikow, G. 1932. Uber die biologie und technische bedeutung der holzwespen. Zeitschrift Fuèr. Angewandte Entomologie 19:557-578.

Bain J.  2005.  Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) - the New Zealand Experience.   In: Gottschalk, Kurt W., ed. Proceedings, 16th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on gypsy moth and other invasive species 2005; 2005 January 18-21; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-337. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station: p. 2.

Baldini A. & E. Iede. 1993. Avispa Taladradora de la madera (Sirex noctilio). Nota Técnica año 13 20, 7p. Protección Fitosanitaria Forestal Corporación Nacional Forestal.

Basham J. T. & R. M. Belyea. 1960. Death and deterioration of balsam fir weakened by spruce budworn defoliation in Ontario. Part III. The deterioration of dead trees. Forest Science 6:78-96.

Becerra C., M. Bennesch, G. Faraldo, O. de Coll, E. Eskiviski & I. Figueredo. 2000. Establecimiento y eficiencia de Deladenus siricidicola B. controlando a Sirex noctilio F. en plantaciones de Pinus taeda en Misiones y NE de Corrientes. Informe Técnico No 46, INTA. 8 p.

Becerra C., M. Bennesch, G. Faraldo, O. de Coll, E. Eskiviski, & I. Figueredo. 2000. Establishment and efficiency of the nematode Deladenus siricidicola B. to control Sirex noctilio F. in Pinus taeda plantations of Misiones and NE of Corrientes. Proyecto Forestal de Dessarrollo. Final report PIA 12A/96.

Bedding R. A. 1967. Parasitic and free-living cycles in entomogenous nematodes of the genus Deladenus. Nature 214:174-175.

Bedding R. A. 1968. Deladenus wilsoni n.sp. and D. siricidicola n.sp. (Neotylenchidae), entomophagous-mycetophagous nematodes parasitic in siricid woodwasps. Nematologica 14:515-525.

Bedding R. A. 1968. Nematode parasitism of Siricidae and their hymenopterous parasites by Deladenus spp. (Neotylenchidae), pp. 54-55. In: Proceedings of the XIIIth International Congress of Entomology, Moscow.

Bedding R. A. 1972. Biology of Deladenus siricidicola (Neotylenchidae) an entomophagous-mycetophagous nematode parasitic in siricid woodwasps. Nematologica 18:482-493.

Bedding R. A. 1974. Five new species of Deladenus (Neotylenchidae), entomophagous-mycetophagous nematodes parasitic in siricid woodwasps. Nematologica 20:204-225.

Bedding R. A. 1979. Manipulating the entomophagous-mycetophagous nematode, Deladenus siricidicola, for biological control of the woodwasp Sirex noctilio in Australia, pp. 144-147. In: Current Topics in Forest Entomology, USDA-Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-8.

Bedding R. A. 1984. Nematode parasites of Hymenoptera, pp. 755-795. In: W. R. Nickle [ed.], Plant and Insect Nematodes, Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY.

Bedding R. A. 2009. Controlling the pine-killing woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, with nematodes, pp. 213-235. In: A.E. Hajek, T.R. Glare & M. O’Callaghan (eds.) Use of Microbes for Control and Eradication of Invasive Arthropods. Springer, Dordrecht, NL.

Bedding R. A. & R. J. Akhurst. 1974. Use of the nematode Deladenus siricidicola in the biological control of Sirex noctilio in Australia. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society. 13:129-135.

Bedding R. A. & R. J. Akhurst. 1978. Geographical distribution and host preferences of Deladenus species (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae) parasitic in siricid woodwasps and associated hymenopterous parasitoids. Nematologica 24:286-294.

Bedding R., A. Carnegie, P. de Groot, K. Dodds, R. Germain, F. Hain, D. Haugen, E. Iede, D. Lance, V. Mastro, R. Reardon, D. Rogers, N. Schiff, J. Tumlinson, D. Williams. 2006. Sirex Science Advisory Panel. Report. January 9-10, 2006. Annapolis, MD. 65 p. 

Bedding R., E. Iede. 2005. Application of Beddingia siricidicola for Sirex woodwasp control In:(eds P.S. Grewal, R.-U. Ehlers and D.I. Shapiro-Ilan). Nematodes as Biocontrol Agents. London. pp. 385-399.

Bedding R. A., S. Tyler & N. Rochester. 1996. Legislation on the introduction of exotic entomopathogenic nematodes into Australia and New Zealand. Biocontrol Science and Technology 6:465-475.

Belyea R. M. 1952. Death and deterioration of balsam fir weakened by spruce budworm defoliation in Ontario. Part I. Notes on the seasonal history and habits of insects breeding in severely weakened and dead trees. Canadian Entomology 84:325-335.

Belyea R. M. 1952. Death and deterioration of balsam fir weakened by spruce budworm defoliation in Ontario. Part II. An assessment of the role of associated insect species in the death of severely weakened trees. Journal of Forestry 50:729-738.

Benson R. B. 1943. Studies in Siricidae, especially of Europe and southern Asia (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Bulletin of Entomological Research 34:27-51.

Benson R. B. 1945. Urocerus californicus (Norton) and some other Siricidae (Hym., Symphyta) in Britian. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 81:67-68.

Benson R. B. 1951. Hymenoptera - Symphyta (section a). Handbooks for the Indentification of British Insects. Royal Entomological Society of London.

Benson R. B. 1962. A character gradient in Sirex juvencus L. (Hym., Siricidae). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 98:252-253.

Benson R. B. 1962. Holoarctic sawflies (Hym., Symphyta). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology 12:379-409.

Benson R. B. 1968. Hymenoptera from Turkey, Symphyta. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology 22:109-207.

Bergeron M.-J., I. Leal, B. Foord, G. Ross, C. Davis, B. Slippers, P. de Groot, & R. C. Hamelin. 2011. Putative origin of clonal lineages of Amylostereum areolatum, the fungal symbiont associated with Sirex noctilio, retrieved from Pinus sylvestris, in eastern Canada. Fungal Biology 115:750-758. DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2011.05.009

Berryman A. A. 1986. The European woodwasp in Australia, pp.232-236. In: Forest Insects: Principles and Practice of Population Management. Plenum Press, NY.

Bilbe L. T. 1951. Sirex committee inquiry. Australian Timber Journal 17:787-788, 793-795.

Borchert D., G. Fowler & L. Jackson. 2006. Organism Pest Risk Analysis: Risk to the conterminous United States associated with the woodwasp, Sirex noctilio Fabricius, and the symbiotic fungus, Amylostereum areolatum (Fries: Fires) Boidin. Pest Risk Analysis (USDA-APHIS-PPQ-EDP). 41 p.

Boroczky K, Crook DJ, Jones TH, Kenny JC, Zylstra KE, et al. 2009. Monoalkenes as contact sex pheromone components of the woodwasp Sirex noctilio. Journal of Chemical Ecology 35: 1202-1211.

Boros C.B. 1968. The relationship between the woodwasp Sirex noctilio F. and the wood-rot fungus Amylostereum sp. MAgricSci thesis, University of Adelaide, Australia. 

Bowling P. J. & J. E. Dolezal. 1970. Initial note on the development of a "mucus test" to determine resistance of Pinus radiata to attack by Sirex noctilio. Australian Forestry Research 5(1):57-62.

Bradley J. D. 1913. The Siricidae of North America. Journal of Entomology and Zoology 5: l-36.

Bruzzone O., J. M. Villacide & J. C. Corley. 2005. MERACS 1.0. Modelo de Evaluación de Riesgo y Acciones de Control de Sirex noctilio. Programa de uso público desarrollado por el Laboratorio de Ecología de Insectos del INTA EEA Bariloche.

Bruzzone O. A., J. M. Villacide, C. Bernstein & J. C. Corley. 2009. Flight variability in the woodwasp Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae): an analysis of flight data using wavelets. The Journal of Experimental Biology 212, 731-737.

Buchner P. 1965. Siricids, pp. 83-92. In: Endosymbiosis of Animals with Plant Microorganisms. J. Wiley & Sons, NY.

Cameron E. A. 1962. North American survey for natural enemies of the Siricidae, May - October, 1962. Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control Mimeo. 21pp.

Cameron E. A. 1963. Field work for the collection of siricid parasites, California, USA. Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control Mimeo. 17pp.

Cameron E. A. 1965. The Siricinae (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) and their parasites. Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Technical Bulletin No. 5. 31pp.

Cameron E. A. 1965. A method for shipping adult parasites of Siricidae. Canadian Entomology 97:945-946.

Cameron E. A. 1967. Notes on Sirex juvencus californicus (Hymenoptera, Siricidae), with a description of the male and a key to the California species of Sirex. Canadian Entomologist 90: 1-24.

Cameron E. A. 1968. Sirex juvencus californicus in smog-killed trees in Southern California (Hymenoptera: Siricidae). Pan-Pacific Entomology 44:168.

Carnegie A. J., R. H. Elderidge & D. G. Waterson. 2005. History and management of Sirex wood wasp in pine plantations in New South Wales, Australia. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 35:3-24.

Carnegie A.J., M. Matsuki, D.A. Haugen, B.P. Hurley, R. Ahumada, P. Klasmer, J. Sun & E.T. Iede. 2006. Predicting the potential distribution of Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae), a significant exotic pest of Pinus plantations. Annals of Forest Science 63:119-128.

Cartwright K. St G. 1929. Notes on a fungus associated with Sirex cyaneus. Annals of Applied Biology 16:182-187.

Cartwright K. St G. 1938. A further note on fungus association in Siricidae. Annals of Applied Biology 25:430-432.

Cawthron Institute. 1935. Annual Reports -- Entomological Research Station. Nelson, New Zealand. Reports from 1935, 36, 43/44, 46/47, 47/48, 48/49, 49/50.

Champlain, A. B. 1922. Records of Hymenopterous parasites in Pennsylvania. Psyche 29(3):95-100.

Chandler L. 1959. Home building speed-up helps make horntail a pest in structural timbers. Pest Control 7(6):48-53.

Chrystal R. N. 1928. The sirex wood-wasps and their importance in forestry. Bulletin of Entomological Research 19:219-247.

Chrystal R. N. 1928. Comments on "the infestation of Sirex juvencus in Canterbury, New Zealand". Te Kura Ngahere 2(3):21-22.

Chrystal R. N. 1930. Studies of the Sirex parasites. Oxford Forestry Memoirs 11. 63pp.

Chrystal R. N. & J. G. Myers. 1928. Natural enemies of Sirex cyaneus, Fabr., in England and their life-history. Bulletin of Entomological Research 19:67-77.

Chrystal R. N. & J. G. Myers. 1928. The sirex woodwasps and their parasites. Empire Forestry Journal 7:145-154.

Chrystal R. N. & J. G. Myers. 1929. On the biology of Sirex cyaneus Fabr. (Hymenoptera-Siricidae) and its parasites in Britain. Annals of Applied Biology 16:181.

Ciesla W.M. 2003. European woodwasp: A potential threat to North America's conifer forests. Journal of Forestry 101(2):18-23.

Clark A. F. 1927. The infestation of Sirex juvencus in Canterbury. Te Kura Ngahere 2(2):10-16.

Clark A. F. 1932. Insects infesting Pinus radiata in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Science Technology 13:235-243.

Clark A. F. 1933. The horntail borer and its fungal association. New Zealand Journal of Science Technology 15:188-190.

Clark A. F. 1936. Biological control of forest insect pests. New Zealand Journal of Science Technology 18:585-588.

Clausen C. P. 1978. Siricidae, pp. 305-308. In: Introduced parasites and predators of arthropod pests and weeds: a world review. USDA Agriculture Handbook No. 480.

Collett N. G. & S. Elms. 2009. The control of sirex wood wasp using biological control agents in Victoria, Australia. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 11:283-294.

Comisión Nacional de Buenas Prácticas Agrícolas. 2006. Especificaciones técnicas de buenas prácticas para plantaciones forestales. www.aldeaforestal.cl

Cook S. F. & L. W. Turtington. 1977. Report of a new host species for the long-tailed sawfly, Sirex longicauda (Middlekaulf, 1948) (Hymenoptera:Siricidae). Pan-Pacific Entomology 53:268.

Corley, J. C. & Bruzzone, O. A. 2009. Delayed emergence and the success of parasitoids in biological control. Biological Control 51:471–474.

Corley J. C., P. Klasmer & A. Capurro. 1997. Efectos poblacionales del retardo en la emergencia de Sirex noctilio: un modelo que predice estallidos poblacionales. In: Congreso Internacional de Plagas Forestales. Pucón (Chile), Agosto 18-21 de 1997. Santiago, CONAF. pp. 32-43.

Corley J. C. & J. Villacide. 2003. Estrategias de manejo de Sirex noctilio: algunos conceptos (Apunte de clase). Jornada de Actualización Ecología de Sirex noctilio en Patagonia norte: Aspectos teóricos y aplicados. 3 p.

Corley J. C. & J. Villacide. 2005. Una visión dinámica del manejo de la plaga forestal Sirex noctilio. Idia XXI. 2 p.

Corley J. C., J. M. Villacide & J. Bettinelli. 2002. Dinamica poblacional de la plaga Sirex noctilio: endemias y epidemias. Sagpya Forestal 23, 1-9.

Corley, J. C. & Villacide, J. 2008. Dispersal and dynamics of the woodwasp Sirex noctilio in Argentina. USDA Research Forum on Invasive Species, p.13-15.

Corley J. C., J. M. Villacide & O. A. Bruzzone. 2007. Spatial dynamics of a Sirex noctilio woodwasp population within a pine plantation in Patagonia, Argentina. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 125:231–236.

Coutts M. P. 1965. Sirex noctilio and the physiology of Pinus radiata. Some studies of interactions between the insect, the fungus, and the tree in Tasmania. Forestry and Timber Bureau, Australia Bulletin No. 41. 79pp.

Corley J. C., J. M. Villacide & S. van Nouhuys. 2010. Patch time allocation by a parasitoid: the influence of con-specifics, host abundance and distance to the patch. Journal of Insect Behavior 23:431-440. DOI: 10.1007/s10905-010-9226-8

Coutts M. P. 1968. Rapid physiological change in Pinus radiata following attack by Sirex noctilio and its associated fungus, Amylostereum sp. Australian Journal of Science 30:275-277.

Coutts M. P. 1969. The mechanism of pathogenicity of Sirex noctilio on Pinus radiata. I. Effects of the symbiotic fungus Amylostereum sp. (Thelophoraceae). Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 22:915-924.

Coutts M. P. 1969. The mechanism of pathogenicity of Sirex noctilio on Pinus radiata. II. Effects of S. noctilio mucus. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 22:1153-1161.

Coutts M. P. 1969. The formation of polyphenols in small blocks of Pinus radiata sapwood with and without the fungal symbiont of Sirex. Australian Forestry Research 4(1):29-34.

Coutts M. P. 1970. The influence of phenolic compounds in Pinus radiata on the growth of Amylostereum areolatum. Australian Forestry Research 4(4):15-18.

Coutts M. P. 1970. The physiological effects of the mucus secretion of Sirex noctilio on Pinus radiata. Australian Forestry Research 4(4):23-26.

Coutts M. P. & J. E. Dolezal. 1965. Sirex noctilio, its associated fungus, and some aspects of wood moisture content. Australian Forestry Research 1(4):3-13.

Coutts M. P. & J. E. Dolezal. 1965. Sirex noctilio and the physiology of Pinus radiata. 38th A.N.Z.A.A.S. Congress - Hobart, 1965.

Coutts M. P. & J. E. Dolezal. 1966. Polyphenols and resin in the resistance mechanism of Pinus radiata attacked by the wood wasp, Sirex noctilio, and its associated fungus. Forestry and Timber Bureau, Australia, Leaflet No. 101. 19pp. 

Coutts M. P. & J. E. Dolezal. 1966. Some effects of bark cincturing on the physiology of Pinus radiata, and on Sirex attack. Australian Forestry Research 2(2):17-28.

Coutts M. P. & J. E. Dolezal 1969. Emplacement of fungal spores by the woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, during oviposition. Forest Science 15:412-416.

Crankshaw O. S. & R. W. Matthews. 1981. Sexual behavior among parasitic Megarhyssa wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology 9:1-7.

Cymorek S. 1978. Uber wespen als holzverderber - schaden, ursachen, bekampfung. Der praktische Schadlingsbekampfer 30(5):53-61.

Davies N. M. & J. L. Madden. 1985. Mandibular gland secretions of two parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology 11:115-128.

Dodds K., P. de Groot & D. A. Orwig. 2010. The impact of Sirex noctilio in Pinus resinosa and Pinus sylvestris stands in New York and Ontario. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40: 212–223.

Dolezal J. E. 1967. Some observations on behaviour of Sirex noctilio when used for artificial attack on Pinus radiata. Australian Forestry Research 2(4):26-30.

Eldridge R. H. & J. A. Simpson. 1987. Development of contigency plans for use against exotic pests and diseases of trees and timber. 3. Histories of control measures against some introduced pests and diseases of forests and forest products in Australia. Australian Forestry 50:24-36.

Eldridge R. H. & E. E. Taylor. 1989. Sirex woodwasp - a pest of pine in N.S.W. Forestry Commision of New South Wales. Forest Protection Series No. 1.

Elliott D. A. 1976. The influence of disease and insect problems on management practice in Kaingaroa Forest. New Zealand Journal of Forestry 6:188-192.

Eskiviski E. 2005. La avispa de los pinos, características y su control biológico. Idia XXI, 4 p.

Eskiviski E., O. de Coll, G. S. Faraldo & M. A. Bennesch. 2003. Efficiency of new isolations of Deladenus siricidicola B. in the biological control of Sirex noctilio F. X Jornadas Tecnicas Forestales y Ambientales - FCF, UNaM - EEA Monetecarlo, INTA.

Eskiviski E. R., G. Faraldo & G. de Coll. 2004. Effects of the nematode Beddingia (=Deladenus) siricidicola parasitism in adult stage of wood wasp Sirex noctilio. 11as Jornadas Técnicas Forestales y Ambientales - FCF, UNaM - EEA Montecarlo, INTA.

Eskiviski E., M. Nuñez Cresto, D. Olmedo & O. del R. de Coll. 2004. Biological aspects of Sirex noctilio F. and Ibalia leucospoides H. parasitism in forest plantations of Pinus sp. in Santo Tome, Corrientes. XI Jornadas Tecnicas Forestales y Ambientales - FCF, UNaM - EEA Monetecarlo, INTA.

Fatting P. W. 1949. Some observations on Megarhyssa (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Entomological News 60:69-71.

FAO. 1986. Uruguay -- Sirex noctilio on conifers. FAO Plant Protection Bulletin 34(3):164.

Fenili R., C. J. Mendes, D. J. Miquelluti, S. Mariano-da-Silva, Y. Xavier, H. S. Ribas & G. Furlan. 2000. Deladenus siricidicola, Bedding (Neotylenchidae) parasitism evaluation in adult Sirex noctilio, Fabricius, 1793 (Hymenoptera: Siricidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 60:683-687.

Fernández-Arhex, V. & J. Corley. 2003. Biología del parasitoide Ibalia leucospoides (Hymenoptera: Ibaliidae), enemigo natural de Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae). Patagonia Forestal año 9 (4): 4-5.

Fernández-Arhex, V. & J. Corley. 2003. The functional response of parasitoids and its implications for biological control. Biocontrol Science and Technology 13 (4): 403-413.

Fernandez-Arhex V. & J. C. Corley. 2005. The functional response of Ibalia leucospoides (Hymenoptera: Ibaliidae), a parasitoid of Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae). Biocontrol Science and Technology 15:207-212.

Fernandez-Arhex V. & J. C. Corley. 2010. The effects of patch richness on con-specific interference in the parasitoid Ibalia leucospoides (Hymenoptera: Ibaliidae). Insect Science 17:379-385. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2010.01312.x

Fischbein, D., J. C. Corley, J. M. Villacide, C. Bernstein. 2011. The influence of food and con-specifics on the flight potential of the parasitoid Ibalia leucospoides. Journal of Insect Behavior 24:456-467. DOI: 10.1007/s10905-011-9270-z

Filho W. 1999. Fatores biológicos e comportamentais de Ibalia leucospoides Hochenw (Hymenoptera: Ibaliidae) e de seu hospedeiro Sirex noctilio Fabricius, 1973 (Hymenoptera: Siricidae), visando a otimizaçao do controle biológico natural. Tesis Dr. Cs. Biológicas, Curitiba (Brasil), Universidade Federal do Paraná. 106 p.

Fisher R. C. 1958. Australian quarantine and woodboring insects. Australian Timber Journal 24(9):97-113.

Flanders S. E. 1925. Ibalia ensiger Norton on Monterey cypress. Journal of Economic Entomology 18:236-237.

Fong L. K. & R. K. Crowden. 1973. Physiological effects of mucus from the wood wasp, Sirex noctilio F., on the foliage of Pinus radiata D. Don. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 26:365-378.

Fong L. K. & R. K. Crowden. 1976. Preliminary studies on the mucus secretion of the wood wasp, Sirex noctilio F. I. Physiochemical and biochemical properties. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 29:21-32.

Francke-Grosmann H. 1939. Uber das Zusammenleben von Holzwespen (Siricinae) mit Pilzen. Zeitschrift Fuèr Angewandte Entomologie 25:647-680.(English translation)

Francke-Grosmann H. 1954. Tierische Holzschadlinge, Holzwespen. Holz Roh Werkstoff 12:35-38.

Francke-Grosmann H. 1957. Uber das schicksal der siriciden pilze wahrend der metamorphose. Wanderversamml. Deutsche Entomologie 8:37-43.

Francke-Grosmann H. 1967. Ectosymbiosis in wood-inhabiting insects, pp. 141-205. In: Symbiosis (Vol II), S. M. Henry (ed), Academic Press NY.

Fukuda H. & N. Hijii. 1996. Host tree conditions affecting the oviposition activities of the woodwasp, Sirex nitobei Matsumura (Hymenoptera: Siricidae). Journal of Forest Research 1:177-181.

Fukuda H. & N. Hijii. 1997. Delayed emergence and reduced body-weight of Xeris spectrum (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) due to nematode infection. Journal of Forest Research 2:183-186.

Fukuda H. & N. Hijii. 1997. Reproductive strategy of a woodwasp with no fungal symbionts, Xeris spectrum (Hymenoptera: Siricidae). Oecologia 112:551-556.

Fukuda H. & N. Hijii. 1998. Bark thickness of host pine trees and female body size affecting ovipositional success of Sirex nitobei Matsumura (Hymenoptera: Siricidae). Journal of Forest Research 3:185-186.

Gandhi KJK, Gilmore DW, Haack RA, Katovich SA, Krauth SJ, et al. 2009. Application of Semiochemicals to Assess the Biodiversity of Subcortical Insects following an Ecosystem Disturbance in a Sub-boreal Forest. Journal of Chemical Ecology 35:1384-1410.

Gardiner L. M. 1966. A photographic record of ovipositon by Rhyssa lineolata (Kirby) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Canadian Entomology 98:95-97.

Gaut I. P. C. 1969. Identity of the fungal symbiont of Sirex noctilio. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 22:905-914.

Gibbons J. R. H. 1979. A model for sympatric speciation in Megarhyssa (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): Competitive speciation. American Naturalist 114:719-741.

Gilbert J. M. & L. W. Miller. 1952. An outbreak of Sirex noctilio F. in Tasmania. Australian Forestry 16:63-69.

Gilbertson R. L. 1984. Relationships between insects and wood-rotting Basidiomycetes, pp. 130-165. In: Fungus-insect relationships: Perspectives in ecology and evolution. Wheeler, Q. and Blackwell, M. [eds.], Columbia University Press, NY.

Gilmour J. W. 1965. The life cycle of the fungal symbiont of Sirex noctilio. New Zealand Journal of Forestry 10(1):80-89.

Gourlay E. S. 1926. Notes on the New Zealand woodwasp Ophrynopus schauislandi Ashmead. Transactions & Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57:691-693.

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