Sirex Literature

FABI News

News Archive

26 Apr 2024

Eighteen new mentorship students welcomed in the CPHB-FABI Mentorship Program for 2024

Eighteen undergraduate students have joined the 2024 CPHB-FABI Mentorship Programme.

23 Apr 2024

FABIans attend EPN conference in Spain

FABIans Prof. Brett Hurley and Innocent Rakubu attended a congress in Spain to celebrate a century of the discovery of Steinernema kraussei Steiner.

22 Apr 2024

Congratulations Firehiwot!

FABI congratulates Dr Firehiwot Eshetu on the successful completion of her PhD degree.

19 Apr 2024

FABIans celebrate Jackie Robinson Day

Some 60 FABIans gathered at the University of Pretoria’s LC de Villiers sports campus on the afternoon of 15 April to celebrate Jackie Robinson Day.

19 Apr 2024

Using art as a gateway to systems thinking, biomedical careers and health equity

Dr Jeb Owen presented an interesting and thought-provoking seminar “Using art to scaffold systems thinking and biomedical career pathways in young learners” at FABI’s Monday Morning Meeting.

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FABI Events

29 April 08h30

Monday Morning Meeting

Monday Morning Meeting

FABI in a nutshell

Research Features

Archive

A new study reveals the presence of Mycotoxins in Eastern Cape maize in South Africa.

Eurotiales update: FABIans Prof. Cobus Visagie and Dr Neriman Yilmaz and their collaborators have published a review of recently described Eurotiales species, including the economically important Aspergillus, Penicillium, Paecilomyces and Talaromyces.

Da Vinci's Yeast: FABIans Prof. Cobus Visagie, Dr Neriman Yilmaz, and their collaborators have recently described and named a newly discovered yeast species of the famous Italian painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect Leonardo da Vinci.

The potential economic impact of the PSHB invasion in South Africa has been calculated to be a massive R275 billion over the next ten years, if nothing is done to stop the spread of this invasive beetle. Researchers from FABI collaborated with Stellenbosch University ecologists and economists to model the unmitigated economic impact of this invasion.

A recently published paper in the journal Current Forestry Reports documents a collaboration between an international team of forest pathologists and invasion scientists. Led by Dr Trudy Paap, the authors present a framework for conceptualizing and managing invasive forest pathogens.

A recently published review article by Dr Andi Wilson in a special issue of the journal 'Microbiology & Molecular Biology Reviews' provides details of the genes that are essential to the sexual cycle in filamentous Ascomycete fungi and further describes their functions in a variety of model and non-model species.

Penicillium section Canescentia re-evaluated and five new species described from the fynbos biome in South Africa.

In November 2019, the DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology hosted a workshop on ‘Frameworks used in Invasion Science’. The workshop led to a NeoBiota special issue on this theme, and includes a review by FABI researchers and international colleagues, exploring frameworks in the context of forest pathology.

A doctoral study in FABI confirms for the first time the presence of Xylosandrus crassiusculus, a polyphagous ambrosia beetle and its fungal symbiont, Ambroseilla roeperi, in three provinces in South Africa. The authors warn that this beetle species could be a threat to native and plantation trees.

A review on invasive gall-forming wasps that threaten non-native Eucalyptus plantations by researchers in the TPCP appears in Agricultural and Forest Entomology. They profile several species of likely Australian origin that have established on non-native Eucalyptus plantations globally and discuss various challenges to their management.

A study in the TPCP confirms the identity of seven novel fungal species associated with Dendroctonus valens, the red turpentine beetle. The study follows on surveys on the fungal associates of the beetle in China and North America. Results from this work appear in Persoonia.

A postdoctoral study in the TPCP describes two novel Huntiella species in the African clade, bringing the number of known species in the genus to 31. Though closely related, the two species display different mating systems. Outcomes from this study appear in the journal MycoKeys.

A review of the invasion history and global management strategies of Eucalyptus snout beetles in the Gonipterus scutellatus species complex by researchers in the TPCP appears in the Journal of Pest Science.

In a collaborative venture with Dr Jos Houbraken (Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, the Netherlands), Prof. Cobus M Visagie, Dr Neriman Yilmaz (both from FABI) and others have recently completed and published a major study updating the taxonomy of the Eurotiales.

A study in the Forest Molecular Genetics (FMG) Programme at FABI interrogates the benefits of implementing genomic selection for growth and wood quality traits in an established Eucalyptus grandis breeding programme in South Africa. Outcomes from this study appear in an article.

The first study on alternative weed and cultivated hosts of Spongospora subterraneaf. sp. subterranea (Sss), in southern Africa identifies two species as ideal trap crops for rotation with potatoes. The study also introduces three new families to the known hosts of Sss in the region.

A consortium of microbiologists from around the globe, FABI included, is pushing for an overhaul in how scientific names are assigned to uncultivated bacteria and archaea. Despite their ecological, agricultural and medical importance, these organisms traditionally have not been recognized by the international body governing the nomenclature of prokaryotes.

Professor Cobus Visagie is a researcher in the Applied Mycology group at FABI. One of the group’s research goals is to discover fungal diversity in South Africa, and Cobus’ research is strongly focussed on the economically important genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces.

Postdoctoral research by Dr Norman Muzhinji in the Potato Pathology Programme at the Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI) sheds light on the genetic structure and diversity of Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea in four potato-growing regions in South Africa, providing valuable insights on its management.

An MSc study by Kira Lynn in the RGE-FABI Tree Health Programme at the University of Pretoria has described a new Fusarium species, Fusarium rekanum sp. nov., associated with Euwallacea perbrevis, an ambrosia beetle species infesting Acacia crassicarpa plantations in Riau, Indonesia.

FABI postdoctoral Fellow Dr Andi Wilson has established a CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing protocol for use in Huntiella omanensis, a tree-inhabiting fungus belonging to the Ceratocystidaceae family.

Research undertaken as part of a PhD study by Molly Malefo at the University of Pretoria’s Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute sheds more light on the role of protease inhibitors in plants under drought stress.

The South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) has funded a postdoctoral research project dedicated to monitoring plant health in botanical gardens and arboreta across South Africa. Two postdoctoral Fellows at the University of Pretoria’s Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute have held these fellowships.

The first comprehensive study mapping the distribution and genetic diversity of invasive Eucalyptus insect pests in sub-Saharan Africa confirms the presence of five major foliage-feeding species in 14 countries. The results of this study have implications on the quarantine, future research and management of these pests on the continent and beyond.

Dr Joey Hulbert broke new ground when he became the first candidate at the Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute to complete a PhD study incorporating citizen science. Citizen science is an approach that involves members of the public as active participants in scientific research.

FABI technology unravels the genetics behind fungal genome evolution The RIPper is a bioinformatics tool for the for quantifying genome-wide RIP mutations in fungal genomes. The strength of this software lies in the automation of laborious techniques to study the mutation process called Repeat-Induced Point mutations (RIP). The RIPper applies these technique

With the increased availability in genome data, inferences regarding evolutionary relationships among taxa can now be performed on a genome-wide scale. But it is widely accepted that not all parts of such massive datasets support the same evolutionary hypothesis. Because of this, a group of researchers at FABI recently investigated the effect of this.

The use of genome data to characterize species and elucidate relationships, particularly between problematic taxa, has become routine practice in bacteria. Recently, researchers from FABI joined in an international effort to describe two novel genera and characterize these within the larger context of the important bacterial group Burkholderia.

A PhD student in FABI, Runlei Chang, has discovered and described 19 new fungal species from China as part of the research for his thesis. These fungi are all associated with conifer-infesting bark beetles and their mites and belong to well-known genera such as Ophiostoma and Leptographium.

Two research papers from FABI were selected as cover stories in two consecutive issues of the international journal, Plant Pathology. The journal is published by Wiley for the British Society of Plant Pathology.

Plastids play an integral role in wood formation, and yet they are routinely ignored in the study of xylogenesis in forest trees. Desre Pinard and Dr Eshchar Mizrachi have published a review highlighting the unique biology of plastids in wood, suggesting that a new type of plastid, the xylopast, exists.

Approaches for characterizing metabolic potential from genomic sequences have previously been predicted to be useful in the description of bacterial taxa. Dr Marike Palmer, has recently employed these approaches for identifying biological processes contributing to the divergence of bacteria with a variety of lifestyles.

Comparative genomics is shaping our notion of what fungal species are. Based on current data, these unique evolutionary units are separated from one another by boundaries that are porous under certain conditions. This affects our expectations regarding their population biology and evolution, and our strategies for recognizing and controlling them.

The Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer is an ambrosia beetle native to Southeast Asia. In 2017 this pest was detected in South Africa. Its presence has since been confirmed in all provinces except Limpopo. The beetle has a symbiotic relationship with the fungus Fusarium euwallaceae, which causes branch die-back and death of susceptible trees.

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This list is also available on Mendeley

Abdel-Rahman EM, Mutanga O, Adam E, Ismail R (2014) Detecting Sirex noctilio grey-attacked and lightning-struck pine trees using airborne hyperspectral data, random forest and support vector machines classifiers. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 88, 48-59. DOI:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2013.11.013

Ackerman PA, Längin DW & Antonides MC (eds) (2006) Precision Forestry in plantations, semi-natural and natural forests. Proceedings of the International Precision Forestry Symposium, pp. 119-134. Stellenbosch.

Adams AS, Jordan MS, Adams SM, et al. (2011) Cellulose-degrading bacteria associated with the invasive woodwasp Sirex noctilio. ISME Journal, 5, 1323-1331.

Agrícolas C (2006) Especificaciones técnicas de buenas prácticas para plantaciones forestales.

Aguilar A, Lanfranco D (1988) Aspectos biológicos y sintomatológicos de Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera-Siricidae): Una revisión. Bosque, 9, 87-91.

Akhurst RJ (1974) A study of the free-living phase of Deladenus, nematodes parasitic in woodwasps. M.S. thesis, University of Tasmania, Hobart. 124pp.

Akhurst RJ (1975) Cross-breeding to facilitate the identification of Deladenus spp., nematode parasites of wood wasps. Nematologica, 21, 267-272.

Anonymous (1960) Biological control of Sirex. New Zealand Timber Journal, 7, 76.

Anonymous (1962) Sirex in Victoria. Australian Forestry, 26, 1-2.

Anonymous (1962) Sirex wasp control. Tasmanian Journal of Agriculture, 33, 163.

Anonymous (1968) Progress on Sirex wood wasp. Rural Research, 64, 16-19.

Anonymous (1973) A setback to Sirex. Rural Research, 81, 28-32.

Anonymous (1974) Sirex - A situation report. What's New in Forest Research 13. Forest Research Institute. 4 p.

Anonymous (1988) Identifying and controlling the sirex wasp in radiata pine plantations. Research & Development No. 6. Lands and Forests Division, Department of Conservation, Forests and Lands, Melbourne, VIC. 7pp.

Anonymous (1989) Sirex wasp control with nematodes and trap trees. Research & Development No. 14. Lands and Forests Division, Department of Conservation, Forests and Lands, Melbourne, VIC. 4pp.

Anonymous (2007) Sirex woodwasp found in Michigan. American Nurseryman, 9.

Aparacio JP, Corley JC, Rabinovich J (2013) Life history traits of Sirex noctilio F. (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) can explain outbreaks independently of environmental factors. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, 10, 1265–1279. DOI:10.3934/mbe.2013.10.1265

Aromando P (2002) Control biológico de la avispa de la madera del pino (Sirex noctilio F.) por medio de la inoculación del nemátodo Deladenus siricidicola B. en la localidad de Junín de los Andes - provincia del Neuquén, Argentina. Tesis Ing. For. Valdivia, Universidad Austral de Chile, Fac. Cs. Forestales. 58 pp.

Ashmead WH (1904) Descriptions of four new horn-tails. Canadian Entomology, 36, 63-64.

Ass M, Funtikow G (1932) Uber die biologie und technische bedeutung der holzwespen. Zeitschrift Fuèr. Angewandte Entomologie, 19, 557-578.

Attard G (1973) Presence of Sirex-Noctilio F (Hymenoptera-Siricidae) on Pinus-Maritima in Gironde. Revue De Zoologie Agricole Et De Pathologie Vegetale, 72, 93-95.

Ayres MP, Pena R, Lombardo JA, Lombardero MJ (2014) Host Use Patterns by the European Woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, in Its Native and Invaded Range. PLoS ONE, 9, e90321.

Ayres MP, Sullivan JM, Harrison T, Lombardero MJ (2009) Diagnosing the presence of Sirex noctilio from examination of dying and recently dead pine trees. Report for USDA APHIS

Bain J (2005) Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) - the New Zealand Experience. In: Proceedings, 16th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on gypsy moth and other invasive species 2005 (ed Gottschalk, KW), p. 2; 2005 January 18-21; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-337. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station: p. 2.

Baldini A, Iede E (1993) Avispa Taladradora de la madera (Sirex noctilio). Nota Técnica año 13 20, 7p. Protección Fitosanitaria Forestal Corporación Nacional Forestal.

Barnes BF, Meeker JR, Johnson W, Asaro C, Miller DR, Gandhi KJK (2014) Trapping Techniques for Siricids and Their Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Siricidae and Ibaliidae) in the Southeastern United States. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 107, 119-127. DOI:10.1603/AN13036

Basham JT, Belyea RM (1960) Death and deterioration of balsam fir weakened by spruce budworn defoliation in Ontario. Part III. The deterioration of dead trees. Forest Science, 6, 78-96.

Bashford R (2008) The development of static trapping systems to monitor for wood-boring insects in forestry plantations. Australian Forestry, 71, 236-241.

Baxter AP, Rong IH, Schutte AL (1995) Amylostereum areolatum (Aphyllophorales: Stereaceae) in South Africa. South African Journal of Botany, 61, 352-354.

Becerra C, Bennesch M, Faraldo G, et al. (2000) Establecimiento y eficiencia de Deladenus siricidicola B. controlando a Sirex noctilio F. en plantaciones de Pinus taeda en Misiones y NE de Corrientes. Informe Técnico No 46, INTA. 8 p.

Becerra C, Bennesch M, Faraldo G, et al. (2000) Establishment and efficiency of the nematode Deladenus siricidicola B. to control Sirex noctilio F. in Pinus taeda plantations of Misiones and NE of Corrientes. Proyecto Forestal de Dessarrollo. Final report PIA 12A/96.

Bedding RA (1967) Parasitic and free-living cycles in entomogenous nematodes of the genus Deladenus. Nature, 214, 174-175.

Bedding RA (1968) Deladenus wilsoni n.sp. and D. siricidicola n.sp. (Neotylenchidae), entomophagous-mycetophagous nematodes parasitic in siricid woodwasps. Nematologica, 14, 515-525.

Bedding RA (1968) Nematode parasitism of Siricidae and their hymenopterous parasites by Deladenus spp. (Neotylenchidae). In: Proceedings of the XIIIth International Congress of Entomology, pp. 54-55, Moscow.

Bedding RA (1972) Biology of Deladenus siricidicola (Neotylenchidae) an entomophagous-mycetophagous nematode parasitic in siricid woodwasps. Nematologica, 18, 482-493.

Bedding RA (1974) Five new species of Deladenus (Neotylenchidae), entomophagous-mycetophagous nematodes parasitic in siricid woodwasps. Nematologica, 20, 204-225.

Bedding RA (1979) Manipulating the entomophagous-mycetophagous nematode, Deladenus siricidicola, for biological control of the woodwasp Sirex noctilio in Australia. In: Current Topics in Forest Entomology, pp. 144-147. USDA-Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-8.

Bedding RA (1984) Nematode parasites of Hymenoptera. In: Plant and Insect Nematodes (ed Nickle WR), pp. 755-795. Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY.

Bedding RA (1993) Biological control of Sirex noctilio using the nematode Deladenus siricidicola, pp. 11-20.

Bedding RA (2009) Controlling the pine-killing woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, with nematodes. In: Use of Microbes for Control and Eradication of Invasive Arthropods (eds Hajek AE, Glare TR, O'Callaghan M), pp. 213-235. Springer, Dordrecht, NL.

Bedding RA, Akhurst RJ (1974) Use of the nematode Deladenus siricidicola in the biological control of Sirex noctilio in Australia. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 13, 129-135.

Bedding RA, Akhurst RJ (1978) Geographical distribution and host preferences of Deladenus species (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae) parasitic in siricid woodwasps and associated hymenopterous parasitoids. Nematologica, 24, 286-294.

Bedding R, Carnegie A, de Groot P, et al. (2006) Sirex Science Advisory Panel. Report. January 9-10, 2006. Annapolis, MD. 65 p.

Bedding R, Iede E (2005) Application of Beddingia siricidicola for Sirex woodwasp control In: Nematodes as Biocontrol Agents (eds P.S. Grewal, R.-U. Ehlers and D.I. Shapiro-Ilan), pp. 385-399. London.

Bedding RA, Tyler S, Rochester N (1996) Legislation on the introduction of exotic entomopathogenic nematodes into Australia and New Zealand. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 6, 465-475.

Belyea RM (1952) Death and deterioration of balsam fir weakened by spruce budworm defoliation in Ontario. Part I. Notes on the seasonal history and habits of insects breeding in severely weakened and dead trees. Canadian Entomology, 84, 325-335.

Belyea RM (1952) Death and deterioration of balsam fir weakened by spruce budworm defoliation in Ontario. Part II. An assessment of the role of associated insect species in the death of severely weakened trees. Journal of Forestry, 50, 729-738.

Benson RB (1943) Studies in Siricidae, especially of Europe and southern Asia (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 34, 27-51.

Benson RB (1945) Urocerus californicus (Norton) and some other Siricidae (Hym., Symphyta) in Britian. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 81, 67-68.

Benson RB (1951) Hymenoptera - Symphyta (section a). Handbooks for the Indentification of British Insects. Royal Entomological Society of London.

Benson RB (1962) A character gradient in Sirex juvencus L. (Hym., Siricidae). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 98, 252-253.

Benson RB (1962) Holoarctic sawflies (Hym., Symphyta). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 12, 379-409.

Benson RB (1968) Hymenoptera from Turkey, Symphyta. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 22, 109-207.

Bergeron MJ, Hamelin RC, Leal I, Davis C, de Groot P (2008) First report of Amylostereum areolatum, the fungal symbiont of Sirex noctilio, on Pinus spp. in Canada. Plant Disease, 92, 1138-1138. DOI:10.1094/Pdis-92-7-1138a

Bergeron MJ, Leal I, Foord B, et al. (2009) Multilocus genotyping of Amylostereum areolatum, the fungal symbiont of Sirex noctilio on Pinus spp. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 31, 118-118.

Bergeron MJ, Leal I, Foord B, et al. (2011) Putative origin of clonal lineages of Amylostereum areolatum, the fungal symbiont associated with Sirex noctilio, retrieved from Pinus sylvestris, in eastern Canada. Fungal Biology, 115, 750-758.

Berryman A. A. 1986. The European woodwasp in Australia. In: Forest Insects: Principles and Practice of Population Management, pp. 232-236. Plenum Press, NY.

Bhattarai N, Quackenbush LJ, Calandra L, Im J, Teale S (2011) Spectral analysis of scotch pine infested by Sirex noctilio, 48-57. American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Annual Conference 2011, pp. 48-57.

Bilbe LT (1951) Sirex committee inquiry. Australian Timber Journal, 17, 787-788, 793-795.

Boissin E, Hurley B, Wingfield MJ, et al. (2012) Retracing the routes of introduction of invasive species: the case of the Sirex noctilio woodwasp. Molecular Ecology, 21, 5728-5744.

Borchert D, Fowler G, Jackson L (2006) Organism Pest Risk Analysis: Risk to the conterminous United States associated with the woodwasp, Sirex noctilio Fabricius, and the symbiotic fungus, Amylostereum areolatum (Fries: Fires) Boidin. Pest Risk Analysis (USDA-APHIS-PPQ-EDP). 41 p.

Bordeaux JM, Lorenz WW, Dean JFD (2012) Biomarker genes highlight intraspecific and interspecific variations in the responses of Pinus taeda L. and Pinus radiata D. Don to Sirex noctilio F. acid gland secretions. Tree Physiology, 32, 1302-1312.

Bordeaux JM, Lorenz WW, Johnson D, Badgett MJ, Glushka J, Orlando R, Dean JFD (2014) Noctilisin, a venom glycopeptide of Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae), causes needle wilt and defense gene responses in Pines. Journal of Economic Entomology, 107(5), 1931-1945. DOI:10.1603/EC14151

Boroczky K, Crook DJ, Jones TH, Kenny JC, Zylstra KE, et al. (2009) Monoalkenes as contact sex pheromone components of the woodwasp Sirex noctilio. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 35, 1202-1211.

Boroczky K, Zylstra KE, McCartney NB, Mastro VC, Tumlinson JH (2012) Volatile Profile Differences and the Associated Sirex noctilio Activity in Two Host Tree Species in the Northeastern United States. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 38, 213-221.

Boros CB (1968) The relationship between the woodwasp Sirex noctilio F. and the wood-rot fungus Amylostereum sp. MAgricSci thesis, University of Adelaide, Australia.

Bowling PJ, Dolezal JE (1970) Initial note on the development of a "mucus test" to determine resistance of Pinus radiata to attack by Sirex noctilio. Australian Forestry Research, 5, 57-62.

Bradley JD (1913) The Siricidae of North America. Journal of Entomology and Zoology, 5, 1-36.

Bruzzone O, Villacide JM, Corley JC (2005) MERACS 1.0. Modelo de Evaluación de Riesgo y Acciones de Control de Sirex noctilio. Programa de uso público desarrollado por el Laboratorio de Ecología de Insectos del INTA EEA Bariloche.

Bruzzone OA, Villacide JM, Bernstein C, Corley JC (2009) Flight variability in the woodwasp Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae): an analysis of flight data using wavelets. Journal of Experimental Biology, 212, 731-737.

Buchner P (1965) Siricids. In: Endosymbiosis of Animals with Plant Microorganisms, pp. 83-92. J. Wiley & Sons, NY.

Burnip GM, Voice D, Brockerhoff EG (2010) Interceptions and incursions of exotic Sirex species and other siricids (Hymenoptera: Siricidae). New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 40, 133-140.

Cameron EA (1962) North American survey for natural enemies of the Siricidae, May - October, 1962. Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control Mimeo. 21pp.

Cameron EA (1963) Field work for the collection of siricid parasites, California, USA. Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control Mimeo. 17pp.

Cameron EA (1965) The Siricinae (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) and their parasites. Technical Bulletin No. 5, Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control. 31pp.

Cameron EA (1965) A method for shipping adult parasites of Siricidae. Canadian Entomology, 97, 945-946.

Cameron EA (1967) Notes on Sirex juvencus californicus (Hymenoptera, Siricidae), with a description of the male and a key to the California species of Sirex. Canadian Entomologist, 90, 1-24.

Cameron EA (1968) Sirex juvencus californicus in smog-killed trees in Southern California (Hymenoptera: Siricidae). Pan-Pacific Entomology, 44, 168.

Carnegie AJ, Elderidge RH, Waterson DG (2005) History and management of Sirex wood wasp in pine plantations in New South Wales, Australia. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 35, 3-24.

Carnegie AJ, Matsuki M, Haugen DA, et al. (2006) Predicting the potential distribution of Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae), a significant exotic pest of Pinus plantations. Annals of Forest Science, 63, 119-128.

Cartwright KSG (1929) Notes on a fungus associated with Sirex cyaneus. Annals of Applied Biology, 16, 182-187.

Cartwright KSG (1938) A further note on fungus association in Siricidae. Annals of Applied Biology, 25, 430-432.

Cawthron Institute (1935) Annual Reports -- Entomological Research Station. Nelson, New Zealand. Reports from 1935, 36, 43/44, 46/47, 47/48, 48/49, 49/50.

Champlain AB (1922) Records of Hymenopterous parasites in Pennsylvania. Psyche, 29, 95-100.

Chandler L (1959) Home building speed-up helps make horntail a pest in structural timbers. Pest Control, 7, 48-53.

Chapin JB, Oliver AD (1986) Records of Eriotremex-Formosanus (Matsumura), Sirex-Edwardsii Brulle, and Neurotoma-Fasciata (Norton) in Louisiana (Hymenoptera, Siricidae, Pamphiliidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 88, 190-190.

Chase KD, Gandhi KJK, Riggins JJ (2014) Effects of Forest Type and Management on Native Wood Wasp Abundance (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in Mississippi, United States. Journal of Economic Entomology, 107, 1142-1149. DOI:10.1603/EC14023

Chou CKS (1991) Perspectives of Disease Threat in Large-Scale Pinus-Radiata Monoculture - the New-Zealand Experience. European Journal of Forest Pathology, 21, 71-81.

Chrystal RN (1928) The sirex wood-wasps and their importance in forestry. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 19, 219-247.

Chrystal RN (1928) Comments on "the infestation of Sirex juvencus in Canterbury, New Zealand". Te Kura Ngahere, 2, 21-22.

Chrystal RN (1930) Studies of the Sirex parasites. Oxford Forestry Memoirs 11. 63pp.

Chrystal RN, Myers JG (1928) Natural enemies of Sirex cyaneus, Fabr., in England and their life-history. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 19, 67-77.

Chrystal RN, Myers JG (1928) The sirex woodwasps and their parasites. Empire Forestry Journal, 7, 145-154.

Chrystal RN, Myers JG (1929) On the biology of Sirex cyaneus Fabr. (Hymenoptera-Siricidae) and its parasites in Britain. Annals of Applied Biology, 16, 181.

Ciesla WM (2003) European woodwasp: A potential threat to North America's conifer forests. Journal of Forestry, 101, 18-23.

Clark AF (1927) The infestation of Sirex juvencus in Canterbury. Te Kura Ngahere, 2, 10-16.

Clark AF (1932) Insects infesting Pinus radiata in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Science Technology, 13, 235-243.

Clark AF (1933) The horntail borer and its fungal association. New Zealand Journal of Science Technology, 15, 188-190.

Clark AF (1936) Biological control of forest insect pests. New Zealand Journal of Science Technology, 18, 585-588.

Clausen CP (1978) Siricidae. In: Introduced parasites and predators of arthropod pests and weeds: a world review, pp. 305-308. USDA Agriculture Handbook No. 480.

Collett NG, Elms S (2009) The control of sirex wood wasp using biological control agents in Victoria, Australia. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 11, 283-294.

Comisión Nacional de Buenas Prácticas Agrícolas (2006) Especificaciones técnicas de buenas prácticas para plantaciones forestales. www.aldeaforestal.cl

Cook SF, Turtington LW (1977) Report of a new host species for the long-tailed sawfly, Sirex longicauda (Middlekaulf, 1948) (Hymenoptera:Siricidae). Pan-Pacific Entomology, 53, 268.

Cooperband M, Baraczky K, Hartness A, et al. (2012) Male-Produced Pheromone in the European Woodwasp, Sirex noctilio. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 38, 52-62.

Corley JC, Bruzzone OA (2009) Delayed emergence and the success of parasitoids in biological control. Biological Control, 51, 471–474.

Corley JC, Capurro AF, Bernstein C (2004) Prolonged diapause and the stability ofhost–parasitoid interactions. Theoretical Population Biology, 65, 193–203.

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Wilson AD, Schiffl NM (2006) Molecular methods for the detection of Sirex noctilio woodwasp larvae, vectors of Amylostereum areolatum in North American pines. Phytopathology, 96, S123-S123.

Wilson AD, Schiff NM (2010) Identification of Sirex noctilio and native North American woodwasp larvae using DNA barcode. Journal of Entomology, 7, 60-79.

Wilson AD, Schiff NM, Haugen DA, Hoebeke ER (2009) First Report of Amylostereum areolatum in Pines in the United States. Plant Disease, 93, 108.

Wilson LF (1962) Insect damage to field-piled pulpwood in northern Minnesota. Journal of Economic Entomology, 55, 510-516.

Wilson F (1965) Investigations into the natural enemies of Sirex in Europe. In: Proc. 12th International Congress of Entomology, pp. 704-705. London.

Wingfield MJ, Slippers B, Roux J, Wingfield BD (2001) Worldwide movement of forest fungi, especially in the Tropics and Southern Hemisphere. BioScience, 51, 134-140.

Wolf F (1968) Ethologie de Siricidae (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Entomologique de Belgique, 104, 427-457.

Wolf F (1969) Sur les ennemis des hymenopteres siricides. Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Entomologique de Belgique, 105, 202-224.

Wolf F (1969) Les siricides en Belgique, leurs moeurs et leur importance en syliviculture. Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Entomologique de Belgique. 40pp.

Wolfe JC (1966) Susceptibility of pulpwood logging slash to sirex attack. Australian Forestry Research, 2, 41-45.

Wong LK, Crowden RK (1976) Preliminary studies on the mucus secretion of the wood wasp, Sirex noctilio F. I. Physicochemical and Biochemical properties. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences, 29, 21-32.

Wooding AL, Wingfield MJ, Hurley BP, et al. (2013) Lack of fidelity revealed in an insect-fungal mutualism after invasion. Biology Letters, 9. DOI:10.1098/rsbl.2013.0342

Yemshanov D, Koch FH, Ben-Haim Y, Smith WD (2010) Robustness of risk maps and survey networks to knowledge gaps about a new invasive pest. Risk Analysis, 30, 261-276.

Yemshanov D, Koch FH, McKenney DW, Downing MC, Sapio F (2009) Mapping invasive species risks with stochastic models: a cross-border United States-Canada application for Sirex noctilio Fabricius. Risk Analysis, 29, 868-884.

Yemshanov D, McKenney DW, de Groot P, et al. (2009) A bioeconomic approach to assess the impact of an alien invasive insect on timber supply and harvesting: a case study with Sirex noctilio in eastern Canada. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 39,154-168.

Yemshanov D, McKenney DW, Pedlar JH, Koch FH, Cook D (2009) Towards an integrated approach to modelling the risks and impacts of invasive forest species. Environmental Reviews, 17, 163-178. DOI:10.1139/a09-007

Yemshanova D, Koch FH, Ben-Haim Y, Smith WD (2010) Detection capacity, information gaps and the design of surveillance programs for invasive forest pests. Journal of Environmental Management, 91, 2535-2546.

Yemshanov D, McKenney DW, De Groot P, et al. (2011) A harvest failure approach to assess the threat from an invasive species. Journal of Environmental Management, 92, 205–213.

Yemshanov D, Koch FH, Ducey M, Koehler K (2012) Trade-associated pathways of alien forest insect entries in Canada. Biological Invasions, 14, 797-812.

Yoshimoto CM (1970) A new ibaliid wasp from North America (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea, Ibaliidae). Canadian Entomology, 102, 1196-1198.

Youl JW (1952) Evidence presented to the Sirex wasp committee of inquiry. Australian Timber Journal, 17, 899-901, 846-854.

Yousuf F, Carnegie AJ, Bashford R, Bedding RA, Nicol HI, Gurr GM (2014) Bark beetle (Ips grandicollis) disruption of woodwasp (Sirex noctilio) biocontrol: direct and indirect mechanisms. Forest Ecology and Management, 323, 98-104. DOI:10.1016/j.foreco.2014.03.009

Yousuf F, Carnegie AJ, Bedding RA, Bashford R, Nicol HI, Gurr GM (2014) Effect of temperature on woodwasp (Sirex noctilio F.) development and parasitism by the entomopathogenic nematode, Deladenus siricidicola. Biological Control, 79, 67-74. DOI:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2014.08.007

Yousuf F, Gurr GM, Carnegie AJ, Bedding RA, Bashford R, Gitau CW, Nicol HI (2013) The bark beetle, Ips grandicollis, disrupts biological control of the woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, via fungal symbiont interactions. FEMS Microbiology Ecology. DOI:10.1111/1574-6941.12267

Yu Q, de Groot P, Leal I, et al. (2009) Characterization of Deladenus siricidicola (Tylenchida: Neotylenchidae) associated with Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in Canada. International Journal of Nematology, 19, 23-32.

Zepda-Paulo FA, Oritz-Martínez SA, Figueroa CC, Lavandero B (2013) Adaptive evolution of a generalist parasitoid: implications for the effectiveness of biological control agents. Evolutionary Applications, 6, 983-999.

Zondag R (1959) Progress report on the establishment in New Zealand of Ibalia leucospoides (Hochenw.), a parasite of Sirex noctilio. New Zealand Forestry Research Notes No. 20. 10pp.

Zondag R (1962) A nematode disease of Sirex noctilio. Interim Research Release. New Zealand Forest Service, Rotorua, N.Z. 6pp.

Zondag R (1965) Biological control of Sirex noctilio. In: Forestry Research Institute Report 1964, pp. 56-59. Rotorua, N.Z.

Zondag R (1966) Observations on a nematode disease of Sirex noctilio (F.). Forest Entomology Report No. 19, New Zealand Forestry Research Institute. 41 pp. (unpubl.).

Zondag R (1967) Biological control of Sirex noctilio F. In: Forestry Research Institute Report 1966, pp. 62-64. Rotorua, NZ.

Zondag R (1969) A nematode infection of Sirex noctilio (F.) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal Science, 12, 732-747.

Zondag R (1971) Control of Sirex noctilio (F.) with Deladenus siricidicola Bedding, Part I. 1967 field trial. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 1, 5-14.

Zondag R (1973) Introduction and establishment of Deladenus siricidicola Bedding, a nematode parasite of Sirex noctilio F. in New Zealand. Part A. The 1968 introduction and check on establishment after the 1967 trials. Forest Entomology Report 35, New Zealand Forest Service, Forest Research Institute. 8 pp. (unpubl.).

Zondag R (1973) Introduction and establishment of Deladenus siricidicola Bedding, a nematode parasite of Sirex noctilio F. in New Zealand. Part B. The 1969 introduction and check on establishment in the 1969/70 season. Forest Entomology Report 36, New Zealand Forest Service, Forest Research Institute. 13 pp. (unpubl.).

Zondag R (1973) Introduction and establishment of Deladenus siricidicola Bedding, a nematode parasite of Sirex noctilio F. in New Zealand. Part C. The check for establishment of D. siricidicola. Forest Entomology Report 37, New Zealand Forest Service, Forest Research Institute. 11 pp. (unpubl.).

Zondag R (1973) Introduction and establishment of Deladenus siricidicola Bedding, a nematode parasite of Sirex noctilio F. in New Zealand. Part D. The check for the establishment of D. siricidicola and introductions in the 1971/72 season. Forest Entomology Report 38, New Zealand Forest Service, Forestry Research Institute. 15 pp. (unpubl.).

Zondag R (1975) Introduction and establishment of Deladenus siricidicola Bedding, a nematode parasite of Sirex noctilio F. in New Zealand. Part E. The check for establishment of D. siricidicola and introductions in the 1972/73 season. Forest Entomology Report 41, New Zealand Forest Service, Forestry Research Institute. 12 pp. (unpubl.).

Zondag R (1975) Introduction and establishment of Deladenus siricidicola Bedding, a nematode parasite of Sirex noctilio F. in New Zealand. Part F. The check for establishment of D. siricidicola and introductions in the 1973/74 season. Forest Entomology Report 42, New Zealand Forest Service, Forestry Research Institute. 19 pp. (unpubl.).

Zondag R (1975) A non-sterilising strain of Deladenus siricidicola. In: Forestry Research Institute Report 1974, pp. 51-52. Rotorua, N.Z.

Zondag R (1975) Controlling sirex with a nematode, pp. 196-199. In: Proceeding of the 28th N.Z. Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 196-199.

Zondag R (1978) Mortality attributable to Sirex noctilio. In: Forestry Research Institute Report 1977, pp. 53-54. Rotorua, NZ.

Zondag R (1979) Control of Sirex noctilio (F.) with Deladenus siricidicola Bedding, Part II. Introduction and establishments in the South Island 1968-1975. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 9, 68-76.

Zondag R, Nuttall MJ (1961) Rhyssa lineolata (Kirby) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) a species new to New Zealand. New Zealand Entomology, 2, 40-44.

Zondag R, Nuttall MJ (1977) Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera:Siricidae). New Zealand Forest Service, Forest and Timber Insects in New Zealand No. 20. 8pp.

Zygouris C (1987) Deladenus siricidicola population in Sirex-infested radiata pine plantations in south-western Victoria. B.Ag.Sc. thesis, La Trobe University. 62 pp.

Zylstra KE, Dodds KJ, Francese JA, Mastro V (2010) Sirex noctilio in North America: the effect of stem-injection timing on the attractiveness and suitability of trap trees. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 12, 243-250.

Zylstra KE, Mastro VC (2012) Common mortality factors of woodwasp larvae in three northeastern United States host species. Journal of Insect Science, 12, 1-8.

This literature list was initially compiled by Dr. Dennis Haugen, but is continually being updated. Some have pdfs linked that can be downloaded. New publications have a DOI link to the original article on the publisher's website.

If you are aware of other papers related to Siricids and their associated fungi, and their control, please let us know (bernard.slippers [at] fabi.up.ac.za or dhaugen [at] fs.fed.us).

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Marais I, Buitendag C, Duong TA, Crampton BG, Theron J, Kidanemarium D, Berger DK. (2024) Double-stranded RNA uptake for the control of the maize pathogen Cercospora zeina. Plant Pathology Online first:1-11. 10.1111/ppa.13909

van Heerden A, Pham NQ, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ, Muro Abad JI, Durán A, Wilken PM. (2024) LAMP assay to detect Elsinoë necatrix; an important Eucalyptus shoot and leaf pathogen. Plant Disease 10.1094/PDIS-01-24-0086-RE

Silva GA, Oliveira MES, Rêgo GMS, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ, Ferreira MA. (2024) Chrysoporthe brasiliensis sp. nov. pathogenic to Melastomataceae in southeast Brazil. Fungal Biology 10.1016/j.funbio.2024.04.001

Fick A, Swart V, Bombarely A, van den Berg N. (2024) Comparative transcriptional analysis of Persea americana MYB, WRKY and AP2/ERF transcription factors following Phytophthora cinnamomi infection. Molecular Plant Pathology 25(4):e13453. 10.1111/mpp.13453

Van Lill M, Venter SN, Muema EK, Palmer M., Beukes CW, Chan WY, Steenkamp ET. (2024) SeqCode facilitates naming of South African rhizobia left in limbo. Systematics and Applied Microbiology 47(2-3):126504. 10.1016/j.syapm.2024.126504

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